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N609 Mid-Term Review (Modules 1-5)

The mid-term exam consists of 50 mostly multiple-choice questions with a couple of true/false in the mix as well.  The mid term will cover topics learned in Modules 1-5.

You should be very familiar with first-line pharmacologic therapy recommendations. You will be able to utilize your textbook, notes and other resources for this exam - as it is "open book". I highly recommend you answer the below review questions prior to taking the exam. The main testing content will be coming from lecture and textbook. It is KEY to watch each lecture for optimal success on this exam.

Listed below topics to help guide your study:

Know the role of the FDA and phases of clinical trials.

What is an FDA fast track for approval for?

What information should be on a prescription?

What is an NPI?

What is the purpose of a DEA number and how it is different than an NPI number?

What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?

What factors affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

What are the four major categories of drug interactions?

Where are the main sites of drug metabolism?

What is cytochrome P-450?

What is the main way drugs are excreted from the body?

What are the main 2 types of drug reactions?

How many chromosomes are in each human and what do they do?

What is the concept of pharmacogenomics and how do we apply it to patient care?

Know what the following are when it comes to genetic mutations: poor metabolizers, ultrarapid metabolizers, extensive metabolizers, intermediate metabolizers.

What is a polymorphism in relation to pharmacogenomics?

What is a formulary and what are the main different categories of formularies when it comes to insurance coverage for medications?

What is the main way we dose medication in pediatrics?

Why is it important to look at drug safety profiles in pregnancy and breast feeding?

What are factors that affect absorption and distribution of drugs in older adults?

What is the BEERS list and why do we use it?

Know and be able to explain the JNC 8 guidelines for hypertension and what medications you would choose to use for a patient with hypertension. You will use this algorithm to answer questions on medication and dosing.

Know the most common body sites for certain types of infections, and what antibiotics are used. (refer to your diagrams in Module 3)

Know the main factors in selecting an antimicrobial regimen.

Know the main clinical uses for the following classes of antibiotics: penicillins, beta-lactams, cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones.

Be able to apply information using the antimicrobial resistance reference chart (in module 3 materials).

Know the major classes of drugs to manage outpatient hypertension and their mechanism of action along with most common side effects: diuretic, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Alpha Blockers.

Know and be able to explain the algorithm for treating hyperlipidemia in the outpatient setting.

Know what the ASCVD risk calculator is for and how to use it.

Know the major classes of drugs used to manage outpatient hyperlipidemia and their mechanism of action along with most common side effects: statins (know low, moderate and high intensity differences), cholesterol absorption inhibitors (ezetimibe), bile acid sequestrants, niacin, fibric acid derivatives.

Know the main drug groups that treat angina and goals of drug therapy in treating angina.

Know the main drug groups that treat heart failure and goals of drug therapy in treating heart failure.

Know the main drug groups that treat arrythmias and goals of drug therapy in treating arrythmias.

Know that main drug groups for prevention of blood clots in patients with A Fib, DVT/PE and Prosthetic Heart Valves and goals of drug therapy. Know mechanism of action and  major side effects of each main class of blood thinners: Anticoagulants - heparin, warfarin, DOACs. Antiplatelet therapy - aspirin and clopidogrel.

Know what major lab criteria are used for warfarin and typical therapeutic ranges.

Know the importance of Vitamin K and warfarin and what you should educate patients on.

Know what major lab criteria are used for diagnosing anemia.

Know treatment regimen for iron deficient anemia and side effects of iron dosing and about how long it will take to see results of treatment.

Know treatment regimen for B12 and/or folate deficiency anemia and about how long it will take to see results of treatment.

Know what aplastic anemia is and how it is caused.