Searchable disease index built from the treatment guide and the medical specialty atlas. Use it when you know the condition name and want the shortest route to the right teaching page.
A tighter, more clinical set of common conditions with diagnosis and treatment anchors drawn from Mayo Clinic and other reputable references.
Mayo Clinic Primary care
Pathophysiology: chronic vascular resistance and volume dysregulation drive target-organ strain, LV hypertrophy, stroke risk, CKD, and vascular disease.
Diagnosis: repeated office or home readings; confirm with proper cuff size and averaging over more than one visit when possible.
Treatment: weight loss, sodium reduction, exercise, and first-line drug therapy tailored to comorbidity such as thiazide, ACE inhibitor, ARB, or calcium channel blocker.
Mayo Clinic Endocrine
Pathophysiology: insulin resistance plus progressive beta-cell failure causes fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia with microvascular and ASCVD risk.
Diagnosis: A1C, fasting glucose, random glucose with symptoms, or OGTT; A1C 6.5% or more supports diabetes.
Treatment: lifestyle therapy, metformin when tolerated, then add GLP-1/GIP or SGLT2 therapy when weight, CV, HF, or CKD benefits matter.
Mayo Clinic Pulmonary
Pathophysiology: airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and variable reversible obstruction produce wheeze, cough, chest tightness, and dyspnea.
Diagnosis: history plus spirometry/peak flow, often with bronchodilator response testing to document variable airflow limitation.
Treatment: inhaled corticosteroid-based control, as-needed bronchodilator rescue, trigger avoidance, and step-up therapy for persistent symptoms.
Mayo Clinic Pulmonary
Pathophysiology: chronic airflow limitation from smoking/exposure-related airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and emphysematous loss of elastic recoil.
Diagnosis: spirometry confirming persistent obstruction, plus history, exposure review, and imaging/lab workup when needed.
Treatment: smoking cessation, bronchodilators, inhaled therapies, pulmonary rehab, oxygen when indicated, and exacerbation management.
Mayo Clinic GI
Pathophysiology: lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction and refluxate exposure injure esophageal mucosa and may lead to esophagitis or Barrett change.
Diagnosis: clinical history, then endoscopy, pH testing, or motility studies when symptoms are persistent, atypical, or complicated.
Treatment: weight reduction, head-of-bed elevation, PPIs, H2 blockers, and selected anti-reflux procedures when medical therapy fails.
Mayo Clinic Psychiatry
Pathophysiology: multifactorial neurobiologic and psychosocial disease affecting mood, motivation, sleep, cognition, and function.
Diagnosis: symptom history, mental status assessment, screening tools, and selective medical workup such as CBC and thyroid testing to rule out mimics.
Treatment: psychotherapy, SSRIs/SNRIs or other antidepressants, sleep and safety planning, and urgent escalation if suicidality is present.
Mayo Clinic Infectious disease
Pathophysiology: usually ascending E. coli infection of the bladder, with possible renal involvement in pyelonephritis.
Diagnosis: urinalysis and culture, with imaging reserved for recurrent, complicated, or atypical cases.
Treatment: nitrofurantoin, TMP-SMX, fosfomycin, cephalexin, or ceftriaxone depending on syndrome and resistance pattern.
Mayo Clinic Pulmonary
Pathophysiology: alveolar infection or inflammation impairs gas exchange and may cause consolidation, hypoxemia, and sepsis.
Diagnosis: chest X-ray plus clinical exam; blood tests, pulse oximetry, and sputum testing help refine severity and etiology.
Treatment: antibiotics when bacterial pneumonia is likely, oxygen if needed, and escalation for severe disease or complications.
Mayo Clinic MSK
Pathophysiology: cartilage wear, subchondral remodeling, osteophytes, and synovial irritation cause pain, stiffness, and functional loss.
Diagnosis: exam plus X-ray; MRI or joint fluid studies can help when the presentation is complex or inflammatory disease is in the differential.
Treatment: exercise, weight loss, topical or oral NSAIDs, acetaminophen in selected patients, duloxetine, and joint-specific rehab.
Mayo Clinic Endocrine
Pathophysiology: deficient thyroid hormone slows metabolic processes and may cause fatigue, constipation, cold intolerance, bradycardia, and weight gain.
Diagnosis: elevated TSH with low free T4; subclinical disease has elevated TSH with normal thyroid hormone levels.
Treatment: levothyroxine replacement with dose adjustment by age, cardiac status, and follow-up TSH.
Mayo Clinic Dermatology
Pathophysiology: skin-barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation drive pruritus, xerosis, and recurrent inflammatory flares.
Diagnosis: clinical exam; patch testing or biopsy can help when contact dermatitis or another mimic is suspected.
Treatment: moisturizers, trigger avoidance, topical steroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and biologics for more severe disease.
Mayo Clinic Neurology
Pathophysiology: trigeminovascular activation and neurogenic inflammation produce episodic disabling headache, photophobia, nausea, and sensory sensitivity.
Diagnosis: clinical pattern recognition; imaging is usually reserved for atypical or red-flag presentations.
Treatment: NSAIDs, triptans, antiemetics, and preventive agents such as beta blockers, topiramate, or tricyclics when attacks are frequent.
Quick jump-off points for reviewing the broader condition set.